The short answer
- iPhone: the build needs macOS and Xcode, but not your Mac. Cloud macOS machines do the same job.
- Android: no Mac. Android builds run on Windows, Linux or macOS.
- Apple Developer Program: required for TestFlight and the App Store — $99 a year, Mac or not.
- Google Play developer account: required for Google Play — $25, once.
Ways to build an iPhone app without owning a Mac
- CI with macOS runners. GitHub Actions, Codemagic and Bitrise all offer macOS build machines. You still have to set up signing and an upload script.
- A rented cloud Mac. Services such as MacinCloud give you a remote macOS desktop with Xcode. Fine for occasional debugging, slow for daily work.
- CapWrapp. Connect the GitHub repo. CapWrapp creates the signing certificate from an App Store Connect API key, installs the build pipeline in your repo, and uploads to TestFlight from GitHub’s Mac runners.
What you still cannot do without a Mac
- Run the iOS Simulator — test on a real iPhone through TestFlight instead.
- Step through native code in Xcode’s debugger.
- Build the iPhone app offline.
For most web-first apps none of these block shipping: you test the web layer in a browser, and TestFlight puts the real build on your phone. The forms after that build are the App Store submission checklist and the Google Play submission checklist.
